A prospective, randomized study of intravenous followed by oral ciprofloxacin compared with the combination of intravenous clindamycin and gentamicin was conducted in 122 women hospitalized with pelvic infections. Clinical diagnoses included endometritis (97 patients) and uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (25 patients). Treatment successes for endometritis included 42 of 50 (84 percent) patients treated with ciprofloxacin compared with 35 of 47 (75 percent) treated with the clindamycin-gentamicin combination. Treatment successes for acute salpingitis included 10 of 10 (100 percent) treated with ciprofloxacin and 13 of 15 (87 percent) treated with clindamycin-gentamicin. Ciprofloxacin successfully eradicated Chlamydia trachomatis in 11 of 12 patients as did clindamycin-gentamicin in six of seven patients. In this study of pelvic infection, ciprofloxacin demonstrated efficacy comparable with the combination of clindamycin and gentamicin, and is effective against C. trachomatis.