A collection of neurological signs and symptoms, entitled abdominal pelvic pain syndrome, is identified as the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Techniques to identify abdominal wall, vaginal, and sacral components are described, with painful tissues commonly limited to a single dermatomic area. Superficial local areas of hyperpathia (trigger points) appeared not only to cause the pelvic pain but also to be responsive to local anesthetics for a duration in excess of the presence of the medication. Successful responses were noted in 89.3% of 131 patients, with 92.6% requiring five or fewer treatments and 68.2% followed up for longer than 6 months. The diagnosis of the abdominal pelvic pain syndrome is an important component in avoiding unnecessary operation in patients with pelvic pain.