Small newborns are vulnerable to mortality and lifelong loss of human capital. Measures of
vulnerability previously focused on liveborn low-birthweight (LBW) babies, yet LBW …

Background Previous studies have reported on adverse neonatal outcomes associated with
parity and maternal age. Many of these studies have relied on cross-sectional data, from …

Background Short and long birth intervals have previously been linked to adverse neonatal
outcomes. However, much of the existing literature uses cross-sectional studies, from which …

Background Babies with low birthweight (< 2500 g) are at increased risk of early mortality.
However, low birthweight includes babies born preterm and with fetal growth restriction, and …

Background Population-based data on COVID-19 are essential for guiding policies. There
are few such studies, particularly from low or middle-income countries. Brazil is currently a …

Summary Background In November, 2015, an epidemic of microcephaly was reported in
Brazil, which was later attributed to congenital Zika virus infection. 7830 suspected cases …

Background National estimates for the numbers of babies born small for gestational age and
the comorbidity with preterm birth are unavailable. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of …

Background Middle-income countries will need to drastically reduce neonatal deaths to
achieve the Millennium Development Goal for child survival. The evolution of antenatal and …

Objectives To estimate small for gestational age birth prevalence and attributable neonatal
mortality in low and middle income countries with the INTERGROWTH-21 st birth weight …

Population-based data on COVID-19 are urgently needed. We report on three rounds of
probability sample household surveys in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), carried out …