Background Worldwide, hormonal contraceptives are among the most popular reversible
contraceptives. Despite high perfect‐use effectiveness rates, typical‐use effectiveness rates …

Literature Review Condoms in vitro One small in vitro study suggested that HIV cannot pass
through latex (N= 3), synthetic skin (N= 1), or natural skin (N= 1) condoms, despite the use of …

Background The objective of this trial was to determine the effectiveness of 1.0% C31G
(SAVVY) in preventing male-to-female vaginal transmission of HIV infection among women …

BACKGROUND: Little is known about pregnancy rates among sex workers (SWs) or the
factors that predispose SWs to this risk. We aimed to estimate the pregnancy incidence rate …

Little is known of the factors associated with expulsion of intrauterine devices (IUD). We
conducted a nested case-control study to examine the risk factors for copper T IUD …

Objective To measure the impact on sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence of a
female condom introduction and risk-reduction program at Kenyan agricultural sites. Design …

We aimed to measure the effectiveness of latex condoms and of nonoxynol-9 [N-9]
spermicides, in preventing HIV transmission in heterosexual serodiscordant couples in …

Objective To assess the safety, effectiveness and acceptability of the PrePex device for adult
medical male circumcision (MMC) in routine service delivery in Kenya. Methods We enrolled …

OBJECTIVES--To measure the associations between use of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) and
incidence of genital ulcers, and incident ulcers and HIV seroconversion. METHODS--In a …

We examined the association between physical activity and bone mineral density (BMD)
among 352 perimenopausal women. A personal activity computer was used to estimate the …