In all organisms, innate immune pathways sense infection and rapidly activate potent
immune responses while avoiding inappropriate activation (autoimmunity). In humans, the …

Bacteria possess an array of defenses against foreign invaders, including a broadly
distributed bacteriophage defense system termed CBASS (cyclic oligonucleotide-based anti …

Bacteria are continually challenged by foreign invaders, including bacteriophages, and have
evolved a variety of defenses against these invaders. Here, we describe the structural and …

Bacteria use diverse immune systems to defend themselves from ubiquitous viruses termed
bacteriophages (phages). Many anti-phage systems function by abortive infection to kill a …

To protect themselves from the constant threat of bacteriophage (phage) infection, bacteria
have evolved diverse immune systems including restriction‐modification, CRISPR‐Cas, and …

Before the introduction of the vaccine, mumps was the most common salivary gland disease
and was one of the most common infectious diseases in children globally. Following the …

Background Mixed cultures of different microbial species are increasingly being used to
carry out a specific biochemical function in lieu of engineering a single microbe to do the …

Background As microbiome research becomes increasingly prevalent in the fields of human
health, agriculture and biotechnology, there exists a need for a resource to better link …

In all organisms, innate immune pathways sense viral infection and rapidly activate potent
immune responses while maintaining a high degree of specificity to prevent inappropriate …

A variety of genetic techniques have been devised to determine cell lineage relationships
during tissue development. Some of these systems monitor cell lineages spatially and/or …