Research on the human microbiome has yielded numerous insights into health and disease,
but also has resulted in a wealth of experimental artifacts. Here, we present suggestions for …

The healthy lung was long thought of as sterile, but recent advances using molecular
sequencing approaches have detected bacteria at low levels. Healthy lung bacteria largely …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS)
can result in neurological dysfunction with devastating consequences in a significant …

HIV-1 and related viruses require co-receptors, in addition to CD4, to infect target cells. The
chemokine receptor CCR-5 (ref. 1) was recently demonstrated to be a co-receptor for …

Background CCR5 is the major coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We
investigated whether site-specific modification of the gene (“gene editing”)—in this case, the …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a heterogeneous cell population, are critical in orchestrating
immunity and inflammation in the intestine, but whether ILCs influence immune responses or …

Here, we show that the β-chemokine receptor CKR-5 serves as a cofactor for M-tropic HIV
viruses. Expression of CKR-5 with CD4 enables nonpermissive cells to form syncytia with …

Contamination is a critical issue in high-throughput metagenomic studies, yet progress
toward a comprehensive solution has been limited. We present SourceTracker, a Bayesian …

Motivation: The human microbiome plays an important role in human disease and health.
Identification of factors that affect the microbiome composition can provide insights into …

RNA interference silences gene expression through short interfering 21–23-mer double-
strand RNA segments that guide mRNA degradation in a sequence-specific fashion. Here …